The Benefits of Vaccinations Essay - 1148 Words

Introduction Vaccines against diphtheria, polio, pertussis, measles, mumps and rubella, and more recent additions of hepatitis B and chicken pox, have given humans powerful immune guards to ward off unwelcome sickness. And thanks to state laws that require vaccinations for kids enrolling in kindergarten, the U.S. presently enjoys the highest immunization rate ever at 77%. Yet bubbling beneath these national numbers is the question about vaccine safety. Driven by claims that vaccinations can be associated with autism, increasing number of parents are raising questions about whether vaccines are in fact harmful to children, instead of helpful (Park, 2008). Positives for Vaccinations For many years before the development of vaccines,†¦show more content†¦Negatives for Vaccinations More than any other matter, the question of autism has stirred the battle over vaccines. Since the 1980’s, the quantity of vaccinations that children get has doubled, and in that same time, autism diagnoses have tripled. In 1998, Dr. Andrew Wakefield, a British gastroenterologist of Londons Royal Free Hospital published a paper in the journal the Lancet in which he stated the results of a study that he did. The study consisted of a dozen young patients who were suffering from both autism-like developmental disorders and intestinal symptoms that included inflammation, pain and bloating. Eight of the kids started showing signs of autism days after getting the MMR vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella. While Wakefield and his co-researchers were cautious not to propose that these cases established a link between vaccines and autism, they did imply, that exposure to the measles virus could be a causal factor to the childrens autism. Wakefield later went on to conjecture that virus from the vaccine led to swelling in the abdomen that affected the brain growth of the children (Park, 2008). This study among others has lead parents to begin to question whether they should immunize their children or not. There are many people who feel that the immunizations do more harm than they do good. These same people believe that the diseases for which vaccinations are given are not something that they have to worryShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Vaccinations For Vaccinations1793 Words   |  8 Pages Benefits of vaccinations The debate over vaccinations has been a prevalent one throughout the course of medical history. A vaccination is â€Å"the injection of a killed or weakened organism that produces immunity in the body against that organism† (vaccines.gov). Vaccines are designed to provide immunization to certain illnesses. People of all ages are encouraged to get vaccinations not only to protect themselves but also for the safety of the public. Most children in the United States are given vaccinationsRead MoreThe Benefits Of Vaccination772 Words   |  4 Pageshealth benefits of vaccination according to World Health Organization (2008). First, the main goal of immunization is to eradicate illness. So far smallpox is the only one that is eradicated. According to World Health Organization next goal is to eradicate polio (Andre, Booy, Bock, Clemens, Datta, John, Lee Lolekha, 2008). Secondly, eradicating a disease locally without the eliminating it worldwide. For it happen, the immunization of 95% of population must be done with a two-dose vaccination programRead MoreBenefits Of Vaccination1438 Words   |  6 PagesWhy should we get vaccinated? What are the benefits? Do vaccinations even work? Many people in America are/have been questioning if they even need to get vaccinated. In fact, Between 2006 and 2013, the percentage of pediatricians who had encountered a parent refusing a vaccine went from about 75 percent to 87 percent. (Greenberg) There are many reaso ns why people refuse to get vaccinated, three of the major reasons is for religious purposes, they are unnecessary and that they have a negative effectRead MoreBenefits Of Vaccination933 Words   |  4 PagesA Vaccine Indicator Reminder device has been developed to monitor how much is left for the next vaccination. The wearable device is newborn babies that can be activated by pressing the VIR’s face with a finger. The device operates using predictable chemical processes, processes that rely on food dye, to keep the baby safe from adverse effects and failure of electronics. Vaccination is very important for babies and children. Immunizing your children can protect them from various diseases. Some deadlyRead MoreVaccinations Benefits Of The United States1514 Words   |  7 Pages Vaccinations Benefits Daniel ESL 100 Advanced Academic Writing Instructor Ishida 16 December 2015 Abstract With a development of media and technological ways of social communication, is it vital to trust information from the reliable sources. Many people who do not trust or not satisfied with the quality of medicine, and usually quest the material from unreliable sources. Therefore, matter of reliability of immunization is still a huge topic for debate. For example, people sometimesRead MoreSome of the Benefits of Vaccination Essays1307 Words   |  6 Pages The Benefits of Vaccination Vaccinations are one of the single most important things one can do for the health of their children. Although, it has been a subject of recent controversy, the benefits of being vaccinated far outweigh not being vaccinated. Instead of taking medical advice from an actress, or buying into the conspiracy theories that suggest the government is using immunizations in an attempt to poison the population, parents need to spend a little time doing some research on the matterRead MoreEssay on Vaccinations: a Clear Benefit2006 Words   |  9 PagesVaccinations: A Clear Benefit By: Julie Roberts June 19, 2005 Vaccination: A Clear Benefit A clear definition of a vaccination is, the generic term for immunization procedures. Immunization is a procedure whereby living or nonliving materials are introduced into the bodyÂ…: (Nosal, 1999) The concept that people who survive an infectious disease do not get the same disease again is the basis for the administering of vaccinations. Vaccines are normally given to healthy individuals forRead More Vaccinations: A Clear Benefit Essay1973 Words   |  8 PagesA clear definition of a vaccination is, â€Å"the generic term for immunization procedures. Immunization is a procedure whereby living or nonliving materials are introduced into the body†¦:† (Nosal, 1999) The concept that people who survive an infectious disease do not get the same disease again is the basis for the administering of vaccinations. Vaccines are normally given to healthy individuals for the prevention of diseases. Vaccines work by using a human host to provide a stimulus to the immune syste mRead MoreVaccinations And Its Effects On Children990 Words   |  4 PagesVaccinations are a preparation given to patients that provides acquired immunity to a specific disease. They contain either a live, weakened part or an inactive form created from a dead version of the viruses, causing the body to produce antibodies that will attack the virus if the body later comes into contact with the disease. A person can reduce the severity or eliminate the contraction of the disease completely. However, vaccinations have become a controversial topic and parts of the populationRead MoreVaccinations And Its Effects On Children979 Words   |  4 PagesVaccinations are a substance given to patients that provides acquired immunity to a specific disease. They contain either a live weakened part of the virus or an inactive form created from a dead version of the viruses, causing the body to produce antibodies that will attack the virus if the body later comes into contact with the disease. Th us, a person can reduce the severity of the disease or eliminate the contraction of the disease completely. However, vaccinations have become a controversial

Similarities And Differences Between Tikki Tgiria The...

â€Å"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi† the Movie and â€Å"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi† the Book â€Å"Bravery is the capacity to to perform properly even when scared half to death,†(Omner M. Bradly) A Mongoose is part of the Herpestidae family who are carnivores. A Mongoose generally spends its time killing unwanted snakes. One of the most dangerous snakes that the mongoose hunts is the King Cobra. The King Cobra is the most dangerous cobras and also one of the most dangerous snakes. The book â€Å"Rikki Tikki-Tavi† and the movie â€Å"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi† have many similarities and differences which include, the characters, the setting, and the resolution. The movie and the book â€Å"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi† have similarities that have to do with the characters. In both the book and the movie,†¦show more content†¦This quote from the story â€Å"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi† shows that the setting of the story is in India . In the movie, you can see that the family live s in India because of the terrain that surrounds the house and also by the looks of the garden. The family lives in a bungalow which is a one to one and a half story house that has a large front porch. In the movie, you can see the bungalow and how it looks. In both the book and the movie, the family has a large garden in which many animals live (movie). Especially, in the movie, you can see that the bungalow and the surrounding garden are all beautiful and that the family really loves living in such a beautiful place. In the book, the picture of the bungalow shows that it is a beautiful place to live in (Kipling 145). A difference between the setting in the book and the movie is that in the book it describes the garden, around the bungalow, as having flowers and a lot of beautiful trees and flowers. On the other hand, the movie shows that the garden has a lot of bamboo and not many flowers and not a lot of color. The resolution is the movie and the resolution in the story  "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi† are very similar and only slightly different. In the book, the resolution is that the family is very grateful for Rikki-Tikki because he saved the whole familys lives and that Rikki-Tikki will always keep the garden safe. The story says,†Rikki-tikki had a right to be

A Review of Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins Free Essays

string(66) " them look good so they grabbed hands and raised them in the air\." Keri Momon Period 3 English Title: The Hunger Games Author: Suzanne Collins Type of literary material: science fiction- adventure, action, suspense, drama Setting: time-future, place- Panem (the future untied states) Main Character: A. Katniss Everdeen- she is the very main character in the story B. Peeta Mellark-he is the bakers son C. We will write a custom essay sample on A Review of Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins or any similar topic only for you Order Now Haymitch-he is the town drunk Point of View- first person because the main character is telling the whole story. Conflicts- man vs. man Man vs. himself Man vs. the supernatural/ the unnatural Plot – Introduction- in district 12 in the country of Panem lives Katniss Everdeen, Peeta Mellark, and Haymitch Narrative Hook- Primrose Everdeen (Katniss little sister) is called as a tribute for the hunger games. Katniss panics to the thought of her little sister being in the hunger games and volunteers as tribute so her sister won’t have to go. Rising Action- Katniss and Peeta and Haymitch are talking about ways to survive in the hunger games on the train. They get dressed up for the ceremony and for the interviews. Then they train with the other tributes, then go and get rated for the judges. Climax –when they enter the hunger games and fight to the death with the other tributes Falling Action- When they get interviewed for the last time gets on the train and go home. Resolution- when they arrive home back in district 12 The Hunger Games (Introduction) In district 12 nicked named the Seam is a girl names Katniss Everdeen. She wakes up and goes into the wood with her bow and arrow as her usual routine. She crawls under the gate and starts looking for game. And in the woods waiting for her was her best friend Gale. They sat down and enjoyed some bread that Gale scored from the baker and the cheese Prim left for Katniss. While they were eating they made fun the Capitals accents. After they gathered up their game they went into the Hob and trade then went home to get ready for the reaping. Katniss came home took a bath and got dressed in one of her mother’s dresses. When they got to the reaping they are separated by age and gender. After they show the video of the dark days of the uprising in district 13 which led to the hunger games to show that the Capital is always in power. A woman from the capitol named Effie Trinket who draws the names for the hunger games. Narrative Hook) Effie draws the first name from the girls bowl and read it out loud. The name was Primrose Everdeen. As Prim slowly made her way to the stage Katniss started to panic and ran to grab her sister. But the guard grabbed her before she could reach Prim. Then out of fear she found herself yelling† I VOLUNTEER†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ I volunteer as tribute†. They finally let her go to grab Prim. Gal had to come get Prim bec ause she kept refusing to leave. Katniss slowly took her place on the stage. Then the name was called for the boys. The name she pulled out was Peeta Mellark. She asked for volunteers but no one stepped forward. Katniss saw him and remembered when her family was slowly starving to death and she was lying in the rain. Peeta came out side to throw some bread he burnt then he saw her and threw her the two loaves of bread and went back into the bakery. She quickly lost her concern for she knew in time she would have to face him the Hunger Games. After the anthem a group of Peace Keepers took them into the Justice Building for their last goodbyes. After that they headed for the train to head for the capital. After they got on the train and took off they got ready for supper. When they arrived at the dinner table they realized Haymitch (the previous victor of the hunger games) wasn’t there. So they got started eating anyway. When Haymitch finally came, he vomited on the floor. So Katniss and Peeta carried him to his room, into the bathroom, and turns on the shower. But when Katniss tries to help clean him up Peeta says it’s ok and tells her she can go. So she went to her room, took off her clothes and hopped into bed thinking Peeta being kind is just a strategy to trick her in the games and make her an easy target. When she wakes up she goes in the dining hall and starts her breakfast. After the drama is over Haymitch promises that he will stay sober enough to help them if they don’t interfere with his drinking. They all agree. After they pass through the tunnel they see the Capitol and in no time they arrive at the train station. They instantly token by their stylist and they get started on prepping for the ceremony. After they’re done they take her in the remake center so she can wait for her main stylist. She waits about three hours until he finally arrives. She is so surprised by how normal he looks compared to the other citizens in the Capitol. He introduces himself then starts to observe her look. They go into a room and talk over lunch. After lunch he gets her into her outfit. Then once Cinna is done with her makeup she meets Peeta at their chariots where the other tributes are. Then Cinna and Peeta stylist explain how they are going to light up their outfits with a fake fire. Once the chariots went out one by one finally it was their turn to go out. As they rolled out Katniss got a look of herself on the projector and realized how breath taking she looked. Then felt Peeta’s hand slowly moving toward hers. She pulled away then Peeta said it would make them look good so they grabbed hands and raised them in the air. You read "A Review of Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins" in category "Essay examples" As she heard them chanting her name she knew Cinna was right†¦ she was the girl on fire. The next day they begin to talk over dinner about the ceremony and what strategies they will have in the games. After dinner Katniss and Peeta go up to the roof and begin to talk. Peeta shows Katniss the garden and after they get done talking Peeta takes Katniss back to her room then he leaves. Katniss wakes up from her disturbing dreams, drags herself out of bed, and goes to eat breakfast. Eventually Peeta and Haymitch come in and start talking about each other’s strategies and what they’re supposed to do at training. When they get to the training center they get started learning survival skills Katniss goes over to the camouflage station and finds Peeta. She realized how talented he was. He told her he learned from doing all those cakes in the bakery. Finally the day for the game maker’s judges the tributes on their skills. It came the time when they summoned Peeta. And finally it was Katniss turn to go in and be judge. She grabbed the bow and arrow and tries to concentrate. Katniss aims the arrow and shoots. The arrow didn’t hit any part of the body. In response the game makers starts to laugh and ignores her. She tries again and she hits the target right where heart is. In excitement she has a big smile on her face but then it fades when she realized the game makers didn’t even see what she did. They were too busy looking and admiring the roasted pig in front of them. In a sensation of anger she aimed the arrow and shot it straight through the group of game makers and hit right in the middle of the apple in the pigs mouth. The games were speechless. To end the silence Katniss said â€Å"Thank you for your consideration†. Then she left without being dismissed. After Katniss left, she started to panic. A novel of thought went through her mind and what’s going to happen. When she entered the room to eat, everybody wanted to know what Peeta and Katniss did. Peeta told them what he did then they turned to Katniss for her explanation. She told them what she did. Everyone was kind of over reacting except Haymitch. He simply got her to say what she did them he just finished eating. Then came the time to see what all the tributes were rated. They went district by district, tribute by tribute. Then it was finally got to Peeta and Katniss. The tributes are rated on a scale from 1 to 12. Peeta was rated an 8. He was surprised but everyone cheered when they saw that Katniss was rated an 11. They started to get ready for the interview. Haymitch starts talking to Katniss about how she is going to steal the audience. After that she spent most of the day getting prepped up by Cinna. Finally she saw herself and that she was as radiant as the sun. When she arrived she saw Peeta and Haymitch and Haymitch had to remind both of them that they are still friends. The order the interviews went was girl then boy, first to last district. Finally it was Katniss turn for her interview. She slowly made her way to the seat. The interviewers name was Caesar Flickerman. He asked her what was her favorite thing about the Capitol and she said the lamb stew. From then through the rest of the interview they loved her. When she left she watched Peeta’s interview. As she watched she saw he was natural speaker. But as she watched she heard something so stunning it was unreal. Caesar asked Peeta if he had a special girl back in district 12. At first he said no but then he said there was a girl he had a crush on for the longest. Caesar said if he wins the hunger games she will have no choice but to go out with him. Then Peeta said that won’t be any help. (Climax) Caesar asked why and Peeta said because she came with him here. Katniss was speechless but filled with rage. So when they got to their floor out of anger Katniss pushed Peeta and he feel down on a broken urn and his hands were filled with the broken pieces. She started yelling at him. Then Haymitch, Effie, Cinna, and Portia came in asking what happened and after everything was said and done they all agreed that Katniss and Peeta would be star-crossed lovers. Then they went to eat dinner. The next day they were going to arrive at the hunger games. Each tribute is put in a separate room with their stylist. So after they land Katniss meets Cinna in their room and after she’s ready and ate a little food Cinna says his final words then Katniss goes into the cylinder and she lifted up where the other tributes are on their own metal plate. Then a voice announces â€Å"Ladies and gentlemen, let the Seventy-fourth Hunger Games begin! † The tributes have to wait 60 seconds before they can run and start. Katniss sees the bow and arrow but by the look on Peeta’s face she knew he was giving her the look that says† Don’t go for the bow and arrow†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ DON’T, NO†. The gong rings and she realized that she missed her chance, so she goes for the first thing she sees. She goes for the backpack that she had to race to get from a boy in district 9. When she gets it she takes off in the woods. When she gets settled she didn’t see any sign of water so she settled in a tree she sees how many kids died that day then wondering what happened to Peeta because he is still alive. The next day she looks for game then she takes a nap and a sound awakes her†¦.. A snapping sound. Then she sees a fire. She realizes that a tribute had lit a fire. Then she sees some careers that had obviously made an alliance kill the tribute that made the fire. Then she hears them talking about her saying they need to find her, then she an extra voice. She almost fell out tree when she realizes that voice belonged to Peeta. She hears them saying why don’t they just kill him. The leader from district 2 says that he is the only way to finding her. She realized that the think if she looks for him they can find her and kill her. Her instincts tell her to forget about him. After they leave she goes and cooks a rabbit. After she eats half of it she goes and looks for some water. After pretty much a whole day she has no luck until she sees a bush of berries. After she grabs some and about to eat them she gets s good look at them, opens it up and sees the juice is blood red. So she tosses them and keeps moving. She climbs a tree and looks for signs of water but sees nothing but the same unending trees. She keeps walking until she is stumbling to the ground. So she climbs into a tree and goes to sleep. She wakes up with pain in her joints with every movement. When she falls on to the ground she feels mud then thinks of the sent she smells. Then all of a sudden she realizes that a pond is nearby. She crawls into the pond and downs as much as she can then fill her jug fill of water, and then goes into a tree. A few hours later she wakes up to a stampede of feet running. She look up and sees what their running from. It’s a forest fire. She quickly got out of the tree, grabs her thing and takes off. As she’s running she thinks to herself that this fire must be the game makers doing. She runs and takes cover on a stone to catch her breath. Then suddenly a fire ball hits right where she was lying. She jumped right before it could hit her. Katniss keeps running until a fireball almost hits her but she dodges it but not soon enough. Her calf is screaming with pain. After a while of wondering the pack of careers spot her. She climbs the tree and wakes for them to kill her. But when of then try to climb the tree he falls. She realizes that they are too heavy to climb the tree. In response she starts to mock and tease them. After a while they make a fire and sleep around the tree. When night time falls Katniss sees a pair of eyes looking at her. First she thinks it’s an animal but she takes a closer look then sees it’s the little girl from district 11. It was Rue looking at her. And she’s pointing at something above Katniss’s head. She looks up and sees there’s a trackerjacker nest above her head. She was about to saw it down but she decided to wait till morning. When goes back down to her sleeping bag she sees there is something on her stuff waiting for her. She knows it’s a sponsor when is in her sleeping bag. After she opens it up she sees it’s a burn medicine. She was relieved and applied it to her wound. When she’s done, she falls asleep. When she wakes up, she looks at her leg and sees that it’s almost healed. Then she gets up and starts sawing the branch with the nest on it. In the process she gets stung by three trackerjackers. But finally the nest falls and sends the careers running. A tribute named Glimmer died from all the trackerjacker stings. When Katniss climbs down the tree she sees that the dead tribute had the bow and arrows. She grabs them and a ball of relief rolled off of her shoulder. After she got the bow and arrow and walked around for a little while the hallucinations started and out of a blur Peeta comes out limping yelling at her. He was yelling at her to go and runaway. He pushed her and she barely ran but then she fell and passed out on a log. When Katniss awake she finally was relieved that the hallucinations and the venom had both drained from her system. Then she saw a little person standing behind a tree. It was Rue. When she came out and explained how she helped to get the venom out of the stings. Them they gathered some food, ate then developed a plan on how to weaken the careers. Then they both realized one thing the careers needed. They needed food. So the mad a plan to get rid of all their food. So they made a signal to tell each other that they are ok. So Katniss and Rue started the plan. Katniss went to where the careers were at. Rue set the distraction and Katniss went into action. She was going to hit the bag of apples with her arrow and blow the mines that were buried and will blow up all their food. So she waited until Rue started and when they left she shot her arrow and blew up everything. When the food blew up Katniss was blown back and hit the ground. When she got up she realized that she couldn’t hear out of her left ear. But eventually she got up and sent the signal to tell Rue that she was alright. As she ran through the forest she never heard the signal back and so she started to panic. Then finally after all the searching she heard the signal from Rue that meant she was alright. So she followed the sound of the signals. Then all of a sudden she heard a frightening scream. It was a child scream and she knew it came from Rue. So she yelled her name until she responded. Then Rue yelled Katniss name and so eventually she found Rue. She found her trapped in a net. But when she grabbed Rue out of the net and hugged her, a fellow tribute had set up this trap. He threw the spear but Katniss dodged it and killed him with an arrow. But Rue wasn’t so lucky. When Katniss turned around she saw that the spear he threw entered Rues body. After Katniss saw what happened she took Rue laid her on the ground. Rue asks her if she blew up the food and told her that she had to win. And finally Rue asked Katniss if she could sing to her and she did until the cannon shot telling Katniss that Rue was dead. But instead she wanted to show that Rues death just didn’t mean anything. So Katniss arranged flowers all around Rues body because she knew that all the cameras were on her. After she got up she put up 3 fingers which meant that a loved one would be missed. So she left and sat down and cried. Then she climbed up in a tree then she heard an announcement from the game makers. They said there were changes in the ruling of the games. They said there can be two victors of the games if they were from the same district. Katniss took a minute to take the news in and without thinking she started yelling Peetas name. When she realized what she did she put her hands over her mouth. But still in excitement she started to climb down the tree but decided to wait till morning. The next day she started the search for Peeta. She started looking for him and while looking she saw something. She saw some blood and followed the trail. Eventually she made it to the lake and as she was stepping toward the water she heard a voice. It was Peetas voice. She looked down and saw nothing but then Peeta smiled and she saw that he had made a camouflage to blend into the bolder. So she got up cleaned him up and started looking at his wound. He had a deep cut in his upper left leg. She realizes how sick he was when he tells her that he hasn’t been hungry for days so she gets him to eat some dried apples then decides to clean her wound. She takes off his shoes, socks, and pants and sees how bad it is. The cut is oozing both blood and pus also his leg is swollen. So she pours water over the cut but it begins to look even worse so she makes him eat some dry fruit and she goes and washes the rest of his clothes. Then she chews up some leaves that gets rid of infections and puts them on his cut and the pus begins to drain out of his leg and she think that’s good. After she cleaned his clothes and lets him rest for a while they looked for a new place to rest. So they find a cave like structure to settle in. She kisses him then goes outside and sees that Haymitch left some broth. Then she practically kisses him awake then gives him the broth that Haymitch sent him. After she makes him drink the broth they go to sleep. That morning she gets up and gets some berries and when she returns he was up and was about to go looking for her. She sat him down and fed him the berries then he told her she needed to rest so he made her sleep. When she woke up she realized how long she slept but it didn’t matter so she tended to his minor wounds then his cut. When she looked at it her heart dropped. The pus was gone but the swelling had increased, his skin was tight and there were red streaks crawling up his leg. He had blood poisoning. He realizes it to but she doesn’t want to talk about. She makes him some soup but he doesn’t want any although he does want to hear a story. So she tells him the time on how she got her little sister Prims goat. Then there’s another announcement. There was going to be a feast which means each tribute needs something so they are going to leave it in the middle of the arena tomorrow. Katniss lies and says she wasn’t going but he knew she was and that if she goes he will go too. Then she says ok and goes to clean herself up then sees the sponsor Haymitch sent her. She got excited but then saw it wasn’t his medicine but a small bottle of sleeping syrup. So she mixed it up with some berries to feed to him. As he was eating it he thought they were really sweet then realized what was in the berries but it was too late. He already started losing consciousness. And even when he was going down Katniss could tell by the look on his face she had done something unforgiveable. She gathered her things and went to go get the medicine. When she got there she observed the area for a while. Then the girl from district 5 ran out got her bag and left. So Katniss went to get her bag but Clove came hit her with a knife and pinned her to the ground. She told Katniss that they had planned to kill Rue. Then Thresh the other tribute from Rues district came and grabbed Clove and started yelling saying â€Å"did you kill her†. Clove yelled Cato’s name and he yelled her name back but Thresh already started beating her heard with a stone until her heard was dented. He looks at Katniss and said â€Å"I’ll let you go this time for Rue†. Katniss ran back to the cave, gave Peeta the shot, and then passed out. When she regained consciousness Peeta is looking at her in relief. They ate the rest of the food, laid down, and began to talk. Katniss act him when did he start liking her. He told her the whole story on how he first saw her when she was 5 and how she sang in music class and from then on he watched her walk home every single day. Then right when they were about to kiss a sound scares then. Peeta goes outside and Haymitch sent them a feast to eat. After they eat and talk a little more Peeta tells Katniss that Thresh is dead. After Peeta comforts Katniss and they go to sleep, the next day they went hunting and gathering. Before Katniss leaves Peeta she tells him to look for roots and berries. When she was hunting she went back looking for Peeta and saw the apple and cheese was gone. When she found him she started yelling at him for eating the food and he said he didn’t do it and that the berries he found were toxic. Then the cannon went off and then they saw the girl from district 5’s body then realized that she ate the poisonous berries and the food. After talking for a little bit they realize that fox faces death wasn’t a good thing. Now that Cato knows she’s dead he will come looking for them. So they decide to look for another form of shelter. So they get their stuff and look for a place but then they just go to the cave. But they sit in the open waiting for Cato and when they see him he is running toward then with some type of armor but his speed doesn’t slow down and as he passes them Katniss notices the creature he is running from and their about a half a dozen more. So Katniss takes off with intentions of only saving herself As Katniss is running she turns around remembering that she left Peeta with his bad leg. So she grabs him and follows Cato to the Cornucopia. They climb to the top and then Cato tells them that the creatures can climb. When Katniss looked down at the mutts and recognized the features on it. It had blonde hair, green eyes, and the number 1 on its collar. Then Katniss realized that it’s Glimmer. She starts looking at all the other mutts and notices all of them were the tributes that died. She even notices the smallest on. It had curly brown and big brown eyes. She knew it was Rue. When she pulled Peeta up Cato grabbed him and Katniss aimed his arrow at him but he said if she shoots him Peeta will die with him. But Katniss shoots his hand but she grabs Peeta before he could fall. Cato fall into the pack of mutts and because of the armor it was taking a long time and he was suffering so Katniss shot an arrow at his head. Then the mutts ran off. They were happy and relieved until an announcement was made. They said that the rules had changed back to normal and that there can be only one victor. Peeta said he should be the one to die but Katniss had an idea. She pulled out the night lock she had saved and said they will both die and they counted to three and just as they raised the night lock to their lips the announcer said stop and announced that they were the Seventy-fourth annual Hunger Games victors. As they went up into the hovercraft Katniss would not let go of Peeta, but when there on board Peeta falls to the ground unconscious. They took him to a table and started working on his leg. They place Katniss behind a door where she yells until they land and they jab a needle in her. When she wakes up, she finds herself in a room with no windows or doors are visible. Then she notices that she can hear out of her left ear again and all her wounds and scars are gone. After they let her out she finds out that Peeta is fine and there is going to be a last interview. So she goes with Cinna to get ready. He puts her in a yellow dress with flats and a head band to go for a more innocent look. When she meets Haymitch he tells her the capitol is furious because she showed them up in the arena. And she is to say that she was so madly in love that wasn’t in control of her actions. She said ok and got into her position. When she got on stage she saw Peeta and ran into his arms and they started kissing. And finally Caesar told them they had to start the show. And after the interview President Snow came out with a metal for each of them. Even though he had a smile on his face his eyes were filled with unforgiving rage. And the next day they had another interview. And they showed the clips of when Peeta and Katniss were in the cave and everything. And then Katniss found out that Peeta had to get a new artificial leg. She freaked out and started saying it was her fault. After the interview they took a walk along the train. When Haymitch told them keep up the good work Peeta didn’t know what he meant. So Katniss told him that Haymitch had told her to act like she was in love him. Peeta was furious and stormed back to the train. But right before they stopped in district 12 he told her one more time for the cameras. His voice wasn’t angry but it was hollow. So Katniss grabbed his hand tightly dreading the time she would have to let go. The End 1. I loved the novel because it was exciting, suspenseful, and this book makes you about the future. 2. The main characters name is Katniss Everdeen. She is a strong independent girl who had to provide for her mother and little sister. But when she was in the hunger games she started having feelings for the bakers’ son Peeta Mellark. She is a good character for this story because in the beginning she had to be tough but then she changed she became more innocent and started to show her feelings more. 3. Yes because in the beginning she was all hard and tough and by the end she was more sensitive and showed her feelings more. 4. Yes, and the book was easy to comprehend because even though the plot was exciting and suspenseful it was simple wording and easy to understand. How to cite A Review of Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins, Essay examples

Accounting Standards and Principles for Finance†MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAccounting Standards and Principles for Finance. Answer: Introduction Australian accounting standard has provided AASB 138 which provides the criteria and basis for recording intangible assets in financial statements and various aspects for the disclosure of the same. A detailed discussion has been included to provide the information about the measurement and recognition aspects of accounting standard. To explain the aspect in a better manner the financial statements of Genera bio-systems limited has been taken to provide the information about the disclosure in the statements about the same. It is necessary to disclose the information about the acquisition and development of intangible assets by the company. Overall the assignment will provide the overall aspects attached with the disclosure and recognition of the intangible assets. Intangible assets can be explained as the assets which the company acquire or develop for its business which cant be touched but it provides economic benefit to the entity throughout its economic life to the entity through improved revenues and also provides competitive aspect from other companies. But the recognition of intangible assets is made only when it fulfills the criteria and standard for the same. It is also very important to know the method for calculating the same in the financial statements and specific disclosures to be made. The standard for intangible assets AASB 138 applies for an asset only when it is not to be provided in other standard specifically provided to record the same. The standard also does not apply where the assets are for recording financial instruments which are specifically provided in AASB 132. The standard also does not apply to the activities related to the exploration and evaluation of mineral resources, oil and natural gas and similar non-regenerative resources (Bond, et. al., 2016). Intangible assets include expenditure made on scientific or technical knowledge by the entity like computer software, patents, copyrights, rights, licenses etc. Only those transactions are recorded as intangible assets when and only when they fulfill the recognition criteria prescribed by the standard. An intangible asset is recognized only if the following condition is met by the asset: Probable future economic benefits expected that are attributable to the asset will flow to the entity; and A reliable cost can be measured. Measurement of intangible asset by the entity is made on the basis of the probability of expected future economic benefit. Future economic benefit can be ascertained by making reasonable and supportable assumption which can be ascertained by estimate by management attached with the useful life of asset. Intangible asset should be initially measured at cost incurred in acquisition or development. The cost incurred in acquiring the intangible asset should be added to the cost of the main asset. The cost such as purchase price along with import duties, non refundable taxes or any directly attributable cost of preparing the asset for its intended use should be included in the cost of intangible asset. Recognition of cost of intangible asset ceases when the asset is capable of operating normally but it is not in use by the entity in actual. This means that only the cost which is incurred till the asset is ready to use should be included in the cost of asset. Once the asset is ready to use the cost incurred afterwards should not be included. Analyzing criteria for recognition, a review of listed company regarding the disclosure requirement has been made. Statement of accounts of Genera Bio-systems limited have been reviewed in order to disclose the requirements related to intangible assets. Company recognizes its intangible assets on the concept as specified by the Australian accounting standard board (AASB 138). As disclosed by the financial statement of Genera Bio-systems Limited for intangible assets acquired as a part of business combination, other than goodwill should be initially measured at fair value as on the date of acquisition. All the cost related to acquisition of the asset is included in the cost of the asset and shown in financial statement. Company has recognized the value of intangible asset initially at cost. Company classifies the intangible assets in its books as per its useful life. Asset having finite life period are subsequently measured at cost less amortization and impairment loss recognized over a period of time. Asset having indefinite useful life are not amortized and is measured subsequently valued at cost less impairment loss. The value of intangible assets is reviewed at regular interval. Method of annual review of intangible asset is used by the company in order to check the impairment or revaluation of intangibles hold by the company. This helps the company to know the actual valuation of intangible assets in possession by the company from which future economic benefit will flow to the entity. All the changes which are made in the value of intangibles are recognized in the books and statement of accounts is made on prospective basis (Castilla-Polo, et. al., 2016). Changes made in the amortization method are also calculated on prospective or by changing the period for amortization. Company also follows the recognition requirement related to the research cost as specified by the standard which says that recognition cost should be recognized as an expense in the statement of accounts. Specifying about the development expenses, entity specifies that it is capitalized only when the intangibles fulfill the feasibility test. When the financial study specifies that the project will be completed and will be able to generate future economic benefit to the entity (Russell, 2016). Also it is to be ascertained that the intangible will be able to measure reliably. Company uses appropriate method for recognizing the intangible asset in the financial statement. The useful period of the intangible asset taken as twelve years is made on the basis of the feasibility study conducted by the entity. The decision taken by the entity regarding the recognition of the intangibles should have connection with the useful life of the asset and the period over which the future economic benefit can be taken. The method used by the company for recognition and measurement of intangibles should be adopted after study otherwise the asset will be carried in the financial statement without having any value as compared to the market value. Company discloses the method adopted for valuation of its intangibles which gives transparency towards the stakeholders. It is very important to disclose the method of valuation and the useful period of the intangibles along with the basis on which the useful period has been ascertained (Yao, et. al., 2015). Company uses the recognition criteria as specified by the accounting standard board. Along with the method adopted by the entity it also discloses the value of intangibles under proper heading in the statements formulated by the company. Intangibles held by company are appropriately disclosed under non-current assets. Also inflow and outflow related to the purchases and sale of intangibles have been appropriately dealt in the cash flow statement. (Hunter, L., et. al., 2012) It is very useful for the company to recognize the useful life of the intangibles at regular interval on the reporting date which helps the company in recognizing the actual value of the intangibles. All the conditions attached with the intangibles are properly evaluated and impairment loss is recognized on the same. All the estimates and assumptions are ascertained in advance and the value of the same is accounted in the books in order to bring the asset in books at right value (Sinclair Keller, 2017). It is also useful for the company to value impairment loss on the intangibles so as to know the actual value of the asset as per market. These estimations are only used for the asset having finite useful life and not for the intangibles having infinite life as they are not amortized. The proper measurement and recognition criteria of intangibles is very important as it helps the company to bring the assets as per the norms and standard specified by the board and also the statement of accounts provide true and fair picture of the intangibles (Su Wells, 2015). Conclusion From the above discussion it can be ascertained that it is important for the entity to recognize and measure the value of intangibles as per the standard specified by the board. The standard provides the basis for measuring the value of intangibles in such a manner which helps in recognizing the true value of the intangibles in the statement of accounts. Reviewing the statement of accounts of Australian listed company Genera Bio-systems limited it was ascertained that the company follows the norms and provisions as specified by the board under AASB 138. All the estimates and assumptions are made on the basis of the useful life of the asset and on the basis of expected future benefit from the intangibles. (Lhaopadchan, S., 2010) It can be said that the usefulness of the intangibles in the statement is enhanced if the respective standards are followed as all the value attached with the asset is properly disclosed as per the specification of the board. Intangible asset are important to the entity and hence its valuation should be made with utmost care so that actual value can be ascertained for depicting the true and fair position of the entity. References Bond, D., Govendir, B. And Wells, P., 2016. An Evaluation Of Asset Impairments By Australian Firms And Whether They Were Impacted By Aasb 136. Accounting Finance. Castilla-Polo, F. And Gallardo-Vzquez, D., 2016. The Main Topics Of Research On Disclosures Of Intangible Assets: A Critical Review. Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 29(2), Pp.323-356. Hunter, L., Webster, E. and Wyatt, A., 2012. Accounting for expenditure on intangibles. Abacus, 48(1), pp.104-145. Lhaopadchan, S., 2010. Fair value accounting and intangible assets: Goodwill impairment and managerial choice. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 18(2), pp.120-130. Russell, M., 2016. The Valuation Of Pharmaceutical Intangibles. Journal Of Intellectual Capital, 17(3), Pp.484-506. Sinclair, R. And Keller, K.L., 2017. Brand Value, Accounting Standards, And Mergers And Acquisitions:The Moribund Effect. Journal Of Brand Management, 24(2), Pp.178-192. Su, W.H. And Wells, P., 2015. The Association Of Identifiable Intangible Assets Acquired And Recognised In Business Acquisitions With Postacquisition Firm Performance. Accounting Finance, 55(4), Pp.1171-1199. Yao, D.F.T., Percy, M. And Hu, F., 2015. Fair Value Accounting For Non-Current Assets And Audit Fees: Evidence From Australian Companies. Journal Of Contemporary Accounting Economics, 11(1), Pp.31-45.

Equal Employment Opportunity in the US

Introduction The struggle against discriminative practices in employment has been one of the defining characteristics of American life for years. Starting in earnest in the 1940’s, this struggle has been at the heart of various organized groups in the US such as political parties, civil rights movements, contemporaly women’s movements and other interest groups (Burstein, 1994, p. 18).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Equal Employment Opportunity in the US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On September 24, 1965, President Lyndon B, Johnson bowed to sustained pressure against employment discrimination and signed Executive Order 11246, allowing the establishment of Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO). The EEO was established to disallow federal employment contractors from discriminating against workers on the basis of race, creed, social status, sex, religious orientation, colour or nationality. The Executive Order also sought to compel employers to implement affirmative action strategies to enhance the participation of minority communities and women in the labour force (Collins Yeskel, 2005, p. 36). While EEO was modelled around fundamental concepts needed to level the playing field in regards to employment opportunities, it is the purpose of this paper to show how the key objectives of EEO remain largely unattained in the American workforce. Most Americans are of the opinion that the labour market usually operates justly, that individuals are promoted by the virtue of their hard work and qualifications, and that they can generally expect to receive rewards that are commensurate to their input in their places of employment (Burstein, 1994, p. 1). Indeed, many Americans have an indistinct sense that some communities and racial groups continues to be discriminated against in the 21st century but know little about the reality and tend to think that discrimination in employme nt is a thing of the past. According to Burstein (1994), â€Å"†¦virtually all groups except white protestants of northwest European ancestry have suffered from intense discrimination at one time or another† (P. 1). However, even members and communities that have suffered massively from employment discrimination, predominantly women and blacks, continue to have vague ideas about how it has influenced their lives and how it has transformed itself over time. As such, it is only imperative to evaluate the basic tenets of EEO to be able to clearly outline the disjoint between the ideals of EEO and the realities on the groundAdvertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Basic Tenets of EEO Laws In the US, various EEO standards such as merit selection and fair pay have been designed to assist the public sector in attracting and retaining the best employees from diverse com munities (Collins Yeskel, 2005, p. 48). All public sector agencies have a deep-seated responsibility to be all-inclusive in the provision of workplace environments where all employees are valued. Pundits are of the opinion that a skilled and diverse workforce offers the public sector the skills and knowledge needed to provide quality services to all communities. In the US, monitoring and enforcement of EEO laws is done by the Civil Rights Centre and The Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs, under the Department of Labour (USDOL, 2009, para. 2). The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is an autonomous federal agency charged with the responsibility of encouraging equal opportunity in employment through education and technical support, as well as through administrative and judicial enforcement According to Buckley (2004, p. 12), EEO basically entails making sure that the workplace environment is free from any forms of employee intolerance, discrimination and haras sment. EEO also deals with the provision of programs and strategies aimed at assisting individuals and groups overcome past or current employment disadvantages. In essence, EEO is about introducing workplace rules, strategies, practices, attitudes, behaviours and values that are consistent, fair, and do not in anyway disadvantage individuals for the reason that they belong to particular groups. In an EEO environment, all employees must be valued, respected, and offered the opportunity to develop their full potential including pursuing a career path that is commensurate to their calling and choice. Consequently, EEO is designed to achieve a variety of outcomes, including the maintenance of a diverse and skilled workforce, enhancement of employment access and involvement by EEO groups, and the creation of a workplace culture that displays fair workplace practices, attitudes and behaviours (Gillin, 1996, p. 77). To achieve the desired workforce especially in the public sector, EEO dema nds that recruitment, selection, training and promotion practices must be open, competitive and founded on merit. In essence, merit evaluated by objectively defined, job-related standards ensures that the best candidate is selected for the job.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Equal Employment Opportunity in the US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All employees must have an equal access to career training and development, and must be offered with flexible working engagements that meet the requirements of all in the creation of a productive workforce. Grievance handling procedures and techniques must be made accessible to all employees, and must be prompt, confidential and fair in dealing with a multiplicity of grievances, complaints and suggestions in the workplace (Burstein, 1994, p. 14). Effective EEOs’ must also establish a platform that enables all employees to have equal access to information while at the same time allowing their views and perceptions to be fairly heard. The decisions made by management must be without bias or favour, and illegitimate discrimination and harassment should not be tolerated in the workplace. According to the EEO principles, employers must respect their employees’ social and cultural backgrounds. However, the effectiveness and integrity of EEO in ensuring equal rights for American workers has often being called into question. Effectiveness of EEO in the US Labour Market Assiduous and conscientious analysts both in the public and private sectors believe that the US is still miles away from creating a work environment that upholds the basic tenets of EEO laws as described above (Collins Yeskel, 2005 p. 49). Although the federal government together with the agencies charged with the responsibility of implementing and enforcing EEO have claimed victory in ensuring a level playing field, all indications points to the contrary. According to Burstein (1994, p. 2), the nature and magnitude of workplace violations has been drastically reduced through concerted efforts by interest groups and stakeholders, but millions of workers still undergo various forms of discrimination in their places of work. While the US can be applauded for its capacity and ability to integrate the diverse ethnic components of its inhabitants (Rose, 1994, p. 39), various forms of workplace discrimination still persist in both public and private sectors. In most occasions, discrimination in the workplace is perpetuated in relation to age, race, social group, religion, colour, nationality, and marital status. Workplace discrimination also arises from other physical and social factors such as disability, career responsibility, sexual orientation and pregnancy.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The US has largely succeeded in guaranteeing political freedom, social independence and economic opportunity to a majority of the population (Rose, 1994, p. 39). However, it is evident that the colour problem has for many decades prohibited political, social and economic integration. The 2008 US presidential election which pitted Barrack Obama and John McCain is a vivid example of how the colour issue continues to be used in the US to prevent individuals from achieving their highest potential. In this case, president Barrack Obama’s nationality and religious orientation were put into question by some critics even after all documents revealed that Obama was indeed American and a practicing Christian. The Obama saga points to the fact that race and colour is still widely used in the US to discriminate against certain individuals or groups of individuals from achieving their highest potential in employment. This goes against the basic tenets of EEO. According to Rose (1994), â⠂¬Å"†¦the question of whether equality of opportunity [in the US] can be translated from an ideal into more nearly a reality is for the future† (p. 40). EEO denotes a form of employment obligation between the employer and the workers that guarantees social justice, freedom and legal responsibility (Buckley, 2004, p. 21). EEO also recognizes that disallowing discriminatory policies and practices is an effective management procedure. Under EEO, employees must have the right to fair practices, fair allocation of workloads, merit-based selection and recruitment processes, and equal access to benefits in their places of work. However, available evidence reveals that the above indicators are practiced more in the abstract than in reality. One of the challenges facing the application of EEO comes from the fact that the policy is implemented and administered by managers and supervisors in the context of diverse work environments (Collins Yeskel, 2005, p. 56). It therefore follow s that the fundamental role of interpreting the meanings and applications of EEO principles is left to the discretion of managers and supervisors of individual organizations. It is true that these managers and supervisors are prone to various levels of biases and various forms of discriminative practices against their subordinates. This scenario is further complicated by the fact that the same managers and supervisors who are supposed to implement and administer EEO principles are also charged with the responsibility of identifying and resolving the challenges occasioned by EEO. In this perspective, the managers and supervisors execute and police the principles and policies that are fundamental to EEO. This arrangement permits a lot of openings for abuse since the managers are left with a huge leeway to cover for their misdeeds and misconceptions of the EEO laws especially in situations dealing with minorities and blacks. Hiring managers shares the same rights and responsibilities w ith employees under EEO. However, the managers have additional responsibilities that, if not well implemented and interpreted, may lead to an increase of workplace abuses. For example, it is the responsibility of managers to take adequate and unprecedented steps to ensure that all work practices, strategies, values and behaviours are fair in the organization (Buckley, 2004, p. 102). In addition, it is the responsibility of managers to ensure that the work environment is free from any forms of unlawful persecution, discrimination, prejudice, and bullying. The hiring managers should also ensure that the recruitment and selection procedures are transparent and inline with the EEO laws. The procedures used in recruitment and selection must be consistent to all the candidates. However, experts are in agreement that the above is easily said than done. In other words, the above arguments about recruitment and selection of personnel as suggested by the EEO laws largely remain a conjecture i n the minds of the hiring managers rather than a reality on the ground. While the main objective of recruitment process is to identify and hire the best talents, hiring professionals often fail in this pursuit through engaging in activities that are against the EEO guidelines (Rose, 1994, p. 48). In the US, such activities are concealed to pass as genuine recruitment processes, and are fuelled by simple influences such as family relations, acquaintances and friends to more complicated issues touching on racial, religious and sex discrimination in the workplace. Whichever way, the above influences on hiring decisions made by managers automatically leads to a complete disregard of EEO policies in the workplace. Under the EEO framework, it is the duty of managers, especially the human resources professionals, to identify and plan for the special training and development needs of the employees under their command (Buckley, 2004, p. 32). In addition, the managers should also assist the e mployees to gain admittance to the training and development opportunities. Although objectivity is regarded by many public institutions while offering employees a chance to train and develop their careers to the fullest potential, some streaks of discrimination relating to race and sex have been observed in recommending employees to various positions in organizations. For instance, some managers shun recommending female employees to train for top positions in the organization, preferring to offer such opportunities of training and career development to male employees. This is done in total disregard of educational achievements and level of expertise held by the female employees over their male counterparts. According to Hunter (1992, p. 52), this form of discrimination is experienced more in the private sector than in public sector since women are thought to be affected by a wide allay of factors, including pregnancies, family obligations, and other biological factors. However, this line of thinking hampers the principles and policies propagated by EEO by showing favouritism to male employees in career training and development at the expense of their female counterparts. In this perspective, EEO fails to be effective in the US labour market. However, the above discussion does not insinuate that hiring procedures are never objective. When organizations and hiring managers follow the demands and requirements of EEO to the letter, objective recruitment and selection is very much possible. According to EEO laws, the capabilities of the candidates selected to the available positions must be commensurate to the competencies and requirements needed in the respective positions. This is the starting point of any HR process (Radelat, 1999, p. 10). It therefore follows that EEO can greatly assist HR professionals in maintaining objectivity in the recruitment and selection processes. If hiring managers follow the rules and regulations of EEO to the letter, the subjective influences discussed above can be curtailed. Every organization is in constant competition for the most fundamental resource: qualified and well-informed employees (Hunter, 1992, p. 8). To achieve this objective, HR professionals must harness the principles of EEO to ensure that the recruitment and selection processes remain free from any subjective interference. Again, this is more said than done. HR professionals and recruitment agencies often falls into the trap of relying on subjective influences in the recruitment process such as discrimination based on age, race, sex, religion, family relations, and other prejudicial biases. Experts believe that racial discrimination in employment is still a widespread phenomenon in the US even after the introduction of EEO laws and the establishment of various government agencies charged with the responsibility of stamping out the vice in both public and private establishments (ASA, 2002, para. 2). Indeed, some experts argue that EEO laws hav e only served to complicate matters for vulnerable groups since racial discrimination is now practiced in a secretive and sophisticated manner. In 2002, the Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) sitting in Washington DC revealed that prospective employees of black origin face discrimination in 20 percent of the job interviews attended (ASA, 2002, para. 3). Some American organizations are known to spend millions of dollars to conceal racial discrimination. Such organizations are always at the forefront in explaining the strategies and procedures put in place to curtail the vice yet they go ahead to create sophisticated channels that enable the organizations to successfully manoeuvre and disregard the EEO laws without blowing their covers. For instance, Instead of recruiting employees through Job training programs, HR professionals in such organizations use sophisticated hiring processes such as recruiting workers from principally white schools to discriminate against minority g roups in the US. Such a recruitment process makes it possible for the organizations to discriminate against minorities without employing deliberate racist practices reminiscent of earlier days. In this perspective, EEO laws remain largely ineffective. Government agencies and managers continue to claim that they have achieved success in terms of implementing EEO in organizations operating in the US. While this may be the case, the success is not in anyway commensurate to a decline in wage gap between employees of various racial orientations. Consecutive studies reveal that workplace discrimination negatively impacts victims in terms of lower salaries and lack of upward mobility. Studies have also revealed that the white-black salary gap â€Å"†¦has continued to be more than 10 percent, about the same as in the 1970s† (ASA, 2002, para. 6). This is despite all the efforts that have been done by federal agencies and other stakeholders in ensuring the implementation and enfor cement of EEO principles. One of the basic tenets of EEO is that employees should be accorded equal access to benefits and resources, including pay (Gillin, 1996, p. 77). However, the wide salary gap that exists between whites and minorities with equal skills and expertise is a vivid pointer to the fact the EEO laws and principles are still practiced in the abstract. In the US, research have also revealed that the earning gap between whites and minorities becomes greater as employees advance in age, guaranteeing the white workers a handsome retirement package while leaving the minorities exposed to harsh economic conditions in retirement. This goes against the basic tenet of EEO which suggests that all employees, regardless of their age, race and creed, should be offered an equal opportunity to realize their fullest potentials. Discrimination against women in employment have continued to persist despite sustained pressure from the National Organization for Women (NOW) and other inte rest groups to push for equality in educational opportunities, employment openings, and other civil rights (Radelat, 1999, p. 10). According to Cosby Stockdale (2007), â€Å"†¦sex discrimination occurs when a person is or people are treated unfairly in the work context because of gender† (p. 3). Although many Americans legitimately disapprove the act of putting female employees at a disadvantage relative to their male counterparts, the practice is still widespread in terms of unfair treatment in compensation, opportunities and on-the-job treatment. According to the EEO laws, workplace environment should be free from any form of discrimination based on sex. However, sophisticated cases of sexual favouritism and exploitation are still found in the US. On June 22, 2004, Wal-mart supermarket was accused by over 1.6 million women who cited sexual discrimination in their dealings with the supermarket chain (Cosby Stockdale, 2007, p. 3). Although this particular case is yet t o be determined, it reveals a trend that reinforces the proposition that EEO laws and principles are largely practiced within the realms of abstractions and conceptions. On the ground, managers and other stakeholders completely disregard the laws or come up with strategies that enable them to hide their real meanings and intentions regarding EEO. Conclusion This paper has discussed the most basic fundamentals of the EEO laws and how they continue to be disregarded in the US especially in the recruitment and selection of employees to various positions within organizations. Although EEO has immense potential in ensuring the objective recruitment and selection of employees, its concepts and aspirations largely remain in the abstract. According to the paper, various forms of abuses still persists in the workplace environment although violations are conducted in a more concealed and sophisticated manner. As such, it can be vehemently concluded that EEO have failed to achieve its intended objective of guaranteeing a work environment that is free from any forms of discrimination. In this perspective, policies designed to curtail discrimination, especially in relation to the EEO laws, should be strengthened and prolonged to deal with the various abuses that still persist in the workplace (ASA, 2002, para. 8). To level the playing ground, HR professionals and organizations must intensify their affirmative action efforts so as to identify, recruit, promote, train and retain the most qualified employees from both mainstream and minority communities. Reference List American Sociological Association (ASA). (2002). Illegal job discrimination persists in the US workplace as affirmative action weakens. Web. Buckley, J.F. (2004). Equal employment opportunity compliance guide 2004. New York: Aspen Publishers, Inc, Burstein, P. (1994). Discriminating against minorities and women: some historical background. In: P. Burstein (Eds) Equal employment opportunity: labour market discri mination and public policy. Hawthorne, New York: Aldine Transaction. ISBN: 9780202304762 Collins, C., Yeskel, F. (2005). Economic apartheid in America: a primer on economic  inequality and Insecurity. New York: New Press Cosby, F.J., Stockdale, M.S. (2007). Introduction: Understanding sex discrimination: In F.J. Cosby, M.S. Stockdale, S.A. Ropp (Eds) Sex discrimination in the workplace. Garsington Road, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Gillin, C.T. (1996). Political elites and regulatory bureaucrats: A case study concerning aging discrimination. Journal of Aging and Social Policy, Vol. 1, Issue 2, p. 77 Hunter, R. (1992). Indirect discrimination in the workplace. Federation Press. ISBN: 9781862870870895 Radelat, A. (1999). EEOC fights sexual harassment of migrants. Hispanic, Vol. 12, Issue 6, p. 10 Rose, D.L. (1994), Twenty-five years later: Where do we stand on equal employment opportunity law enforcement? In: P. Burstein (Eds) Equal employment opportunity: labour market disc rimination and public policy. Hawthorne, New York: Aldine Transaction. ISBN: 9780202304762 United States Department of Labour (USDOL). (2009). Equal Employment Opportunity. Retrieved from https://www.dol.gov/general/topic/discrimination This research paper on Equal Employment Opportunity in the US was written and submitted by user Sullivan Reed to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Comparison of Novel and Film Adaption and Philip K. Dicks Criticisms Essay Example

Comparison of Novel and Film Adaption and Philip K. Dicks Criticisms Essay Example Comparison of Novel and Film Adaption and Philip K. Dicks Criticisms Essay Comparison of Novel and Film Adaption and Philip K. Dicks Criticisms Essay Philip K. dick’s criticisms about the film adaption ‘Blade runner’ have been justified by the differences that have been shown. The theme of empathy throughout both texts has been shown through two different characters causing the effect to change. Rick Deckard has the hero sort of sign through human’s eyes throughout the novel whereas Roy Batty has the hero symbol in a replicants eyes throughout the film. The motivation for Deckard in the novel is to buy a real animal, playing on his want and needs, which is also a sign of empathy. Having this motive shows the selfish side of people and questions whether or not someone actually needs an animal to be happy. The idea is put across that killing for an animal (even if it is just killing an android) to be alright. Throughout the novel we watch Deckard’s development. Having only a glimpse of this development in the film adaption shown, the viewer won’t really understand that Deckard goes through a change. Ridley Scott has used a different way to put across the empathy by using a different character that was only a small part in the novel. Batty has been given the motive to find a way to live longer and be able to become more human. Batty became the super human figure with more intelligence and strength. However Dick wrote that androids died way before they could even begin to comprehend emotions, making sure they were as robotic as possible. Electric animals were just a little way from the bottom of the social ladder and having a real one puts you higher. Being able to take care of an animal shows the empathy that a human is able to have and not an android. The film adaption doesn’t revolve empathy around the animals like the novel does. A glimpse is seen through the wolf howls that Baty cries at the point when he feels so much pain and loss, again showing empathy through a replicant. Dick had that androids shut down at the moment they feel threatened towards their lives. Scott turns that around in the film adaption and has them fight back as shown with Pris as well as Baty. The minor characters in the novel have been taken out for the film adaption so this does change parts of the story. The novels characters contrasted with each other. Deckard had Iran to contrast with himself; he wanted to have an animal to keep his life meaningful whereas she had already given up. Irmgard shows the more gentle side of an android in contrast to Pris who is curious about how life works is still more violent to figuring it out â€Å"Restraining the spider with the edge of her hand. She was smiling. † This insinuates that she feeling some sort of emotion whether it be that it’s just that she trying to fake an emotion or she’s being sadistic. Having some of these contrasts cut out for the film adaption it’s hard to see what the character’s main intention is until later on in the film. Dick’s criticisms are justified in the way that the main parts of his story have been cut out. Some of the scenes make or break certain characters and not having them in the film adaption slows the story down in how it has been told. Characters even if they are minor are still relevant to the story and are used to put the point across. The film adaption does give a different point and is less straight forward than what Dick wrote ‘Do androids dream of electric sheep? ’

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Devising Safety Plans - Assignment Example Last week, he punched her in the ribs a couple of times, resulting in bruising, which she revealed to you.She fears for her safety, though she is not yet ready to move out or leave him. The situation presented in the case is slightly complex and tricky to any counselor. Refusal or unwillingness by Jeannine to leave Robert despite series of abuse creates a serious uphill in the designing of an effective safety plan. However, it is still the responsibility of a counselor to design a workable safety plan to protect the abused client (APA). In that line, safety plan for Jeannine can begin with assessment of the situation and concerns of the client, that have to covering the extent and magnitude of the past abuses and resolutions. The next step is to persuade Jeannine to leave home with counselor providing the alternative home while assuring the client about returning to Robert after some times of treatment (Joiner et al., 2009). The reason for devising the above safety plan relates to the fact that the client’s life is in danger and must be away from the abuser. Assuring the client about returning home is to create a give-take situation to address the unwillingness to leave Robert and still achieve safety. An alternative safety plan would involve reporting to police to initiate arrest and lead to incarceration of the abuser (Jaffe & Diamond, 2011). This cannot work well in the situation considering the seemingly close attachment of the abused to the abuser that can escalate or worsen crisis experienced by the client. Scenario 2: Maria states she met Justin at a party a couple months ago. They have gone out a few times. Justin has never been to Marias house but she has been to his apartment; client states she usually meets him at a restaurant or club. Their relationship had advanced somewhat physically, but never to a sexual culmination. Imagine

Philip IIs Contribution Alexander the Greats Achievements

Philip IIs Contribution Alexander the Greats Achievements What was Philip IIs contribution to the later achievements of Alexander the Great? The lives of Philip II and Alexander the Great were intertwined in numerous ways. Philip II centralised ancient Macedonia. Philip II also built an army of unprecedented ability and resilience, which conquered the Greek peninsula and prepared the conquest of the Persian Empire that amalgamated with a Greco-Macedonia army. Alexander in point of fact led the invading forces, when he conquered the great Persian Empire. Alexander then took his army to the borders of modern India. Which is where Alexander created a monarchy and empire that, despite its fragmentation, shaped the political cultural, and religious world of the Hellenistic period. Alexander drove the engine his father had built, if Alexander had not done so, Philips II achievements might have been short lived as plenty of previous Macedonian rulers. Although it might be true some scholars believed that Alexander played a role in his fathers murder, may be directly and indirectly, in Order to lead the voyage to Asia that Philip II had organised (Carney and Ogden, 2010). The aim of this essay is to examine Philips II contribution to the later achievements of Alexander the Great. The most crucial point is Philip had bequeathed to Alexander three significant things (Ashley, 2004, p: 7).The first part of the essay will examine, Alexander’s nature and education including Aristotle, the second part will examine the army that Philip created in which later Alexander inherited (Curtis Hansen, 2013, p: 156). The third part and final analysis consists of the established homeland (Ashley, 2004, p: 8). Alexander III of Macedon was better known as Alexander the Great, who was known to mankind for his famous persona and great accomplishments (Thomas, 2007, p: 1). Alexander was the son of Philip II and Olympia. Philip II was the king of Macedonia and Olympias was the princess of Epirus (Stewart, 1993, p18). Alexander achieved the impossible. It is worth noting that uniquely in 13 years Alexander managed to conquer the whole known world. Alexander moulded the greatest Greek empire in history. Despite all of Alexanders great accomplishments, Alexander still lived in his fathers shadow. Due to the vigilant preparation and courage actions of Philip II of Macedon, Alexander would have little or no place in history. The supremacy of Philip on Alexanders actions and life can be seen throughout every aspect of his behaviour. Alexander owes his fate and place in history to his fathers actions and brilliant forethought (Joyer, 2012). This is clear due to Philips II military reforms, for example the sarissa, including infantry tactics, and a formidable Macedonian army and not forgetting an excellent education and tutoring of his day. Alexander as he entered the greater wider world in his young adulthood commenced his education. Alexanders main tutor Aristotle educated Alexander in philosophy, government, politics, poetry, drama and the sciences (Gunther, 2007, p: 28). Aristotle was appointed by Philip, but was educated away from court at Mieza and influenced Alexanders religious education (Blackwell, 2009, p: 193). Aristotle in his Hymn to Excellence (arà ªte) 1 used Alexander ancestors, Heracles, Achilles, as heroic ethos as a way of reinforcing the influence of his other mentors (Gunther, 2007, p: 28). The focal point of Alexanders studies was the title Iliad as a handbook of martial valour. It is worth noting that Alexander is said to have learned it by heart (Worthington, 2012, p: 336) and the admiration of Achilles lasted during course of his life, because of these ancient influences and his individual character, Alexander became the most charismatic, successful, complicated, challenging and contentious con queror of an ancient champion in Macedonia even in the 4th century. Before turning to the question of the Macedonian army to which the foundations could only be constructed upon as a consequence of Philip, is the question of coinage, as this was an important contribution to later achievements of Alexander who was immensely effective tactician and propagandist. Coining was rapidly taken up in the thriving Greek city governments, just over the Aegean Sea, though it was mainly silver until Philip II of Macedon ( 359-336 BC) acquired the gold and silver mines in Thrace (New Bulgaria) (Whibley, 1916, p: 546). Philips son Alexander the Great (336-323 BC) conglomerated the Greek Empire with the defeat of the Persian empire, and acquiring its immerse gold treasure built up by the Persians from gold sources on the river Oxus. It is proclaimed that Alexander the Great took over 22 metric tonnes (7000,000 troy ounces) of gold coin in loot the Persians (Sutherland, 1959). For both Philip II and Alexander the Great, gold became essential way of paying their armies and meeting other military expenses (Blackwell, 2011, p:465). Under the Greek empire, the coins were stamped with the head of the king, instead of lions, bulls, rams, that had previously decorated gold coin elsewhere (Sutherland, 1959). In 357 Philip captured Amphipolis (Roisman, 2011, p: 38.3.B). This colony was Athens. Philips authority of the strategic control became the disputation between Athens and Macedonia. Philip conceivably asseverated to reconstruct Athens, which Philip never did. Athens in turn stated war, which was never pursued (Roisman, 2011, p: 38.3.B). In 356 Philip captured the city of Crenides in the Thrace and after adding to it territory and settlers, Philip rename it Philippi (Roisman, 2011, pg. 38.3.B). The proprietorship of Philippi and Amphipolis permitted Philip to mine silver and gold ore. This made Philip wealthy, in fact one of the wealthiest men in Greece. Philips silver and gold coins in time replaced Athenian coins. Another relevant point is that, Philip was a extravagant spender, when Philip was murdered Alexander found he inherited Philips debt. Philip learnt a lot from Epaminondas, by living in close approximately to a great man, by observing the consequence of his character. Philip learned a lesson in the power of individual will, of which his later life was a consistent exposition. Epaminondas was a brilliant and forceful political idealist than Pericles, Epaminondas far transcends the Athenian in the ruder filed of action. 2 Epaminondas won their obedience by sheer dominance of will and their awestruck respect by consistent subordination of self to their common good (Hogarth, 1897, pg. 39). Empinondas also stands alone in intellectual eminence. 3 Empinondas was an ardent pupil of philosophy, and a first class lecturer. Philip created a formidable army. Philip also introduced military service as a paid and permanent job. This way the soldiers where better trained as they were not disrupted by harvests and farming work this meant the army was able to trained constantly. The army was also kept in one place to be ready at al l times (Ashley, 2004, p: 14). A pure military army is what Philip created, esprit de corps. Philip registered his citizens according their local and tribal divisions, which in turn were allocated to standing territorial regiments. For the infantry, the facts can only be deduced, from, 3 where the recruits (foot) from Macedonia are distributed. It has been found that the names of certain squadrons of the Calvary are actually recorded, instance à ¡Ã‚ ¼Ã‚ ¡ ΑÎ ½ÃŽ ¸ÃŽ µÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ¿ÃÆ'ÃŽ ¹Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ ¼Ã‚  and ΛÎ µÃŽ ½ÃŽ ³ÃŽ ±Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ ¼Ã‚ °ÃŽ ±, and so are the homes of others, the horseman from upper Macedonia, or Bottiaea and Amphipolis. These standing regiments are known each by its colonels name, and quoted thus by Arrian, who reflects the military usage of his authorities. A Ï„ÃŽÂ ¬ÃŽ ¾ÃŽ ¹Ãâ€š of foot, whose colonel is absent, is still referred to as his, though lead by another even after death, for instance Cleitus cavalry command bears his name after his death, as stated in (Id. iii. 11; vi. 6). 5 Phil ip conceived different ranks on a scale of honour rising towards the person of the king. The heavy cavalry was ranked above the service in the foot, for the former were more especially the à ¡Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃâ€žÃŽ ±Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ ¿-Ï ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ¹, or companions of the king; their generals have the most important commands in Alexanders army, and their troopers enjoy treble share of prize money as stated in (curt, vii. 5. 23). 6 Philip promoted whom pleased to this service. The à ¡Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃâ€žÃŽ ±Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ ¿-Ï ÃŽ ¹ were Royals. The squadron of greatest honour Royals, or kings own, were called à ¡Ã‚ ¿Ã… ¸ÃŽâ€˜ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ³ÃŽ ·ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ± (Hogarth, 1897, p 55). The most honoured amount the foot corps of Guards (ÃŽ ½Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ±ÃÆ'πΠ¹ÃÆ'Ï„Î ±Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ ¼Ã‚ ±), specially attached to the person of the king. They became famous in Alexanders wars and later became known as the silver shields (ΑÏ ÃŽ ³ÃŽ ½Ã Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â€š ¬ÃÆ'πΠ¹ÃŽ ´ÃŽ µÃâ€š). Like the cavalry they were all Royals, but amo ng them a special corps d elite (Ï„Ã ¡Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¸ à ¡Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ÃŽ ³ÃŽ ·ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ± Ï„Ã ¡Ã‚ ½Ã‚  ÃŽ ²ÃŽ ±ÃÆ'ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ »ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃƒ ¡Ã‚ ½Ã¢â€š ¬ÃŽ ½) as stated in the journal of philology, xvii., No.33, p: 14. Army of Alexander. 7 Relying on its training and discipline, Philip could introduce his army to new fighting methods. Philip thought his army charge, not in a line but in a wedge shaped formations (Tact 16: cited by Lendon, 2006, p: 96-100). 8 A device destined to be resorted to by Alexander at Arbela. For the infantry, Philip perfected the famous phalanx, although in conception this phalanx was not different from the existing Greek fighting attire. Philip was regarded as its inventor, as Philip developed and regulated it. Philip had two main ideas, first to render bodies of pike man more mobile and pliable than the Theban or Spartan (Hogarth, 1897, pg. 60). Philips second idea was the sarissa or long pike, which would enable his phalanx to strike the first blow. For such a weapon as this, training and discipline were essential. The Macedonian armies of the third and second centuries plied a sarissa even twenty-four feet long. 9 No reference is made by any historian of Alexander to such a uncharacterist ic weapon as the sarissa. The secret to the success of Philips and Alexanders battles lies in their horsemanship, Macedonian and allied light guards and archers. The guards are often reckoned into the phalanx for example in (iii.11), 10 in Arrians catalogue of the array at Arbela, but they are also distinguished clearly from the heavy phalangites. This accomplished military system was the work of many years. Largely mercenaries supplemented Philips national army. 11 This method of assistants was not abandoned entirely by his son Alexander his son. A most crucial point we know as fact is that Alexander inherited forty thousand seasoned men, and a well-established system. Ancient warfare played a major role in Philips eleven sieges. Many of Philips military reforms did not happen overnight, but continued throughout his reign and even after his death with Alexander. In 350 headed by Polyeidos (Polyidus) of Thessaly Philip II established an engineering corps to design and build new siege machinery including the Mechanical Bow and Torsion Catapult (figure 11, Worthington, 2014. P: 37). Philip used the first early prototypes of the torsion catapult was in 340 at the siege of Byzantium (Ashley, 2004, p: 74). Philips chief engineer went on to develop a prototype of a more powerful torsion catapult that could shoot larger stones and arrows over greater distances. It is worth noting that the surviving documents refer to this new type of catapult as katapellai makedonikoi (Macedonian catapults) (Gabriel, 2010, p: 92). Polyeidos trained two of his students Diades, and Charias to continue his work. In 334 BCE Diades succeeded Polyeidos as Alexanders chief engineer, together Diades and Charias complete the development of the torsion catapult, by producing a machine capable of throwing stone shot large enough destroy walls (Ashley, 2004, p: 74). Under Alexander the Great the development of artillery continued, in 330s B.C. The torsion catapult was further developed to throw one-talent (57 pound stones) (Ashley, 2004, p: 74). It was under Alexander the Great siege warfare reached its height. This would never have possible if hadnt of been Alexander inheriting the ability to subdue cites quickly b ecause of the work Polyeidos (Philips engineer) created, as Alexanders Persian campaign would not been possible (Gabriel, 2010, p: 92). This was a difficult essay to write, as sources dealing with Philip are limited (Ashley, 2004, p: 74). Depending on the way you approach as it’s easy to focus too narrowly on the achievements of Alexander, without having analysed the contribution of Philip. Briefly it can be said that in many of the books I have read about this topic, many of the chapters were occupied with details of opinions about Alexander the Great, and in that progress his father King Philip of Macedonia was forgot. What a shortcoming! Personally, I am inclined to believe that world had not known Alexander the Great as Alexander ranked his self above ordinary mortals (Rostovtzeff, 1926, p: 352) then Philip would not have been talked about. On the other hand if it had not been for Philip, who laid most of the ground work in which Alexander inherited, Alexander then he would not have become Alexander the Great. Alexander reaped the benefit of his fathers work not just military (the army he had been trained to use), but through shrewd economic and diplomatic policy. Macedonia was a poor territory. The people lived in constant war with everyone and each other. Philip took things into his own hands, as he had great political acuteness and subtlety. Philip did this by creating a professional army, consolidating boarders with armed cities. Philip achieved this by bribing with coinage and cunning his enemies. Philip turned silver and gold mining to a profitable business. Philip also built roads and canals. The merger of Macedonia was a very difficult and prolonged project. Which paid off very well in the end. To return to an earlier point it is worth noting that it was Philip who created the first land state in history (Gabriel, 2010, p: 2), Greece, by replacing the obsolete city state system. Philips most formidable achievement was the peace of Corinth where Philip finally united all his previous adversaries, not forgetting Athens into one entity. The contributions that lead to the later achievements of Alexander were the education of Aristotle, the army Philip created including coinage and an established homeland. Unfortunately for Alexander, he felt held back by his father and always seem to live in the shadow of his father which seem to haunted by this as his achievements insignificant to those of his father. Alexander and Philip competed with each in many ways emulation and resentment as stated in Fredricksmeyer 1990. Even though I do not agree with every argument in journal of Alexander and Philip by Fredricksmeyer 1990. Its a fascinating portrayal of their relationship and gives excellent sources of references and occurrences in their relationship. Alexander and Philip were both great in their own right. If Philip had not created the army he did, Alexander could not have achieved what he did, yet Philip on the other hand could not have achieved what Alexander did had he survived. Alexander was Philips true son and heir. It was Philips contributions that laid the foundations for Alexander to become the man he was, for ins tance, education, the army and siege warfare that Alexander inherited and an established homeland. Notes 1 Hymn to Arà ªte: Athen. 15.696 B-D. Study of lliad: Plut: Alex 8.2; 26.1-2; Plin. NH 7. 108; Strabo 13.1. 27. Memorising lliad: Dio Ghrysostom 4.39. 2. Nepos, Epam. 4. 3. Id., Epam. 3; Diod., l.c., and 88. 4 From Arr., iii. 16, where the recruits (foot) from Macedonia are distributed into, Ï„Ã ¡Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â€š ¬ÃŽ ¾ÃŽ µÃŽ ¹Ãâ€š. Cf. Curt., v. 2. 6, where we are told that Alexanders main innovation at Susa were the abolition of all local and national divisions throughout the army. 6 Cf. Diod., xvii. 63, 74; Curt., vii. 5. 23 7 Army of Alexander in journal. Of philology, xvii, No. 33, p: 14. 8 Tact.16 cited in Lendon 9 The coincidence of Polybius (xvii. 12) with Polyaenus (ii. 29. 2) and the second recension of the Tactica (15) puts this beyond doubt. Cf. also Livys remarks on its unwieldy length (xliv. 41). The first recension of the Tactica reads πà ¡Ã‚ ½Ã¢â€š ¬ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ±Ãâ€š for πà ¡Ã‚ ¼Ã‚  Ãâ€¡ÃŽ µÃŽ ¹Ãâ€š, reducing the length to fourteen or sixteen feet: but either this is a manuscript error or correction, or it is a reminiscence of the earlier sarissa. 10 ld. iii. 11; vi. 6. 11 Diod., xvi. 8. Bibliography Ashley. J. 2004, The Macedonia Empire: The Era of Warfare Under Philip II and Alexander Great, 359-323 B.C. Blackwell. W. 2009, ALEXANDER THE GREAT: A NEW HISTORY. Blackwell. W. 2011, The Companion to Ancient Macedonia: Edited by JOSEPH ROISMAN AND IAN WORTHINGTON. Carney. E and Ogden. D. 2010, Philip II and Alexander the Great: Father and Son, Lives and Afterlives (Oxford university press). Curtis. K. Hansen. V. 2013, Voyages in World History Curt. 4.6.29; 9.3.19; Arr.5.28.3;7.14.4; Plut. Alex. 15.8-9; 62.5; 72.3; Diod.17.97.3; Ael. VH 7.8 Ameling 1988. Edmunds 1971: 363-91; King 1987: 1-45; Fredricksmeyer 1990: 304-6; Ameling 1988: 658-60; Stewart 1993:81; Huttner 1997: passim. Fredricksmeyer, E. A. 1990. Alexander and Philip: Emulation and Resentment. CJ 85: 300-15. Gabriel. R. 2010, Philip II of Macedonia: Greater Than Alexander. Gunther. J. 2007, ALEXANDER THE GREAT. Joyer. B. 2012, Alexander: Living inside the shadow. Available at [emailprotected] posted in Bens Den (accessed March 2015). Lendon. J. E, 2006, Soldiers Ghosts: A History of Battle in Classical Antiquity. Rostovtzeff. M. 1926, A History of the Ancient world: The Orient and Greece. Roisman. J. 2011, Ancient Greece from Homer to Alexander: The Evidence. Roisman. J. Worthington. I. 2011, A companion to Ancient Macedonia. Stewart. A. 1993, Faces of Power: Alexanders image and Hellenistic politics. Sutherland. C.H.V. 1959, Gold its Beauty and Power and Allure Board portrait of appeal of gold over last 5000 years, Thames and Hudson London. Available at: info.goldavenue.com Accessed March 2015. Thomas. G. 2007, Alexander The Great in His World. Whibley. L. 2016, A companion to Greek studies, Cambridge university press. Worthington. I. 2012, ALEXANDER THE GREAT ( A READER). Worthington. I. 2014, By The Spear: Alexander the Great, and the rise and fall of the Macedonian Empire.